Peripheral intervention surgeries are part of the minimal invasive surgeries done to remove plaques, etc, thereby addressing the root cause of peripheral artery disease. Peripheral intervention surgeries restore the flow of blood to the other part of the arteries where the blood clot prevented the flow of oxygenated blood. These procedures require the use of a catheter, (which is a thin microfiber made of metal composites and polymers), these catheters are inserted through a thin cut in an artery, usually in an arm, leg or shoulder. These are then directed to the site of blockage/lesion/damage with the assistance of an x-ray angiogram, etc.
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The catheter is then used to remove the blockage by either creating a tunnel via a balloon or introducing a stent made of Nitinol or other high grade metal composites. If a balloon is used then it us removed after deflating, if a stent is used then it remains in the artery providing support to the arterial wall. Nowadays stents are used mainly for any coronary artery disease as these require support on a priority basis, any other peripheral artery may use balloon for clot removal. In atherectomy, surgeons use a catheter with small blades to cut and remove blockages, laser may be used to cauterize the wounded artery, or to burn the plaque into tiny pieces.
In atherectomy no foreign device is left within the body. Peripheral intervention surgeries are gaining popularity among the doctors as well as the patients. It was noted by Physicians those patients who afraid of full scale open surgeries and hence chose to refrain from it, are now opting for such minimal invasion surgeries. These procedures have not only decreased the risk of infection but also reduced the recovery time. Patients need not be in general anesthesia, as local anesthesia would do the needful. In cases where patient awareness is required, such procedures have proven to be very helpful. Interventional procedures first saw success with diabetic individuals having varicose blockages in their legs; the procedure prevented the requirement of an amputation which would have been the earlier solution.
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With the innovations in micro-catheter, stents, balloons and even interventional radiology, interventional procedures have come a long way since the late 1970’s, when the technique was first used experimentally. Today it’s a multi-billion dollar market booming with devices supporting the interventional surgery. The applications for peripheral intervention surgeries has also increased from the usual vascular, to oncology procedures, neurology, hepatic (liver), uteral, renal, gastric and skin procedures. The increased medical application in the aforementioned areas of medicine shall boost the market for interventional surgery devices in the near future. The increasing geriatric population is expected to increase the demand of the global market, along with the increasing desire by individuals to have minimal hospital stays, post operation.
The opposing forces to these procedures would currently be limited only to the cost of interventional devices used in a typical surgery, i.e. stents and catheters. Besides these individual complications in some people may be observed which can be attributed to their body’s elevated immune response causing allergies or rejection of foreign bodies, with increased research and innovations in the pipeline, these issues are going to be tackled soon in the future.
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The global market study for the year 2012 saw the North American region lead the world with nearly half of the world’s procedures being conducted in the U.S alone, this is followed by the European region and Asia-Pacific region consecutively. However the growth rate of the Asian market was observed to be higher than the North American and European region, with sales expected to grow larger than the North American region by 2020. This could be dedicated to the growing geriatric population of China, Japan and India. The rest of the world saw a moderate growth, which occupy only a minimal percentage of the global revenue.